The Bakhtiari people are an ethnic group residing primarily in the southwest regions of Iran. With a history spanning millennia, the Bakhtiari people have preserved a distinctive set of beliefs, mythology, and rituals.

Ancient Iranian Deities

Most Bakhtiari are Twelver Shia Muslims, and Bakhtiari pilgrims visit the shrines of saints and of descendants of the imams. The figures below belong to ancient Iranian and Zoroastrian religion, not to present-day Bakhtiari worship.

Ahura Mazda

As the supreme deity in Zoroastrianism, Ahura Mazda is a central figure of ancient Iranian religion. Associated with wisdom, truth, and light, Ahura Mazda represents the ultimate force of good in that belief system. In Zoroastrian belief, Ahura Mazda is a benevolent deity who created the world and is opposed by Angra Mainyu, the embodiment of evil.

Mithra

Mithra, an ancient Iranian god of covenants and light, holds an important place in Zoroastrian tradition. Mithra symbolizes light, truth, and justice, and is often depicted riding a chariot pulled by white horses. He is also a guardian of oaths and pledges, ensuring that promises are upheld.

Anahita

The goddess of water, fertility, and wisdom, Anahita is a revered figure of ancient Iranian religion. Often portrayed as a beautiful woman wearing a golden crown, she presides over rivers, lakes, and springs. Anahita is invoked during weddings, childbirth, and harvests, reflecting her role in promoting life, abundance, and prosperity.

Other Beliefs and Rituals

  • Korsi: The korsi is a household heating custom found across Iran rather than a Bakhtiari belief of its own. It is a low, square table covered with a thick blanket. A charcoal brazier is placed beneath the table, providing warmth during the harsh winter months. The Korsi is more than a practical solution for staying warm; it represents family, togetherness, and a connection to one's ancestors.

  • Sacred groves: The Bakhtiari people hold certain groves and forests as sacred, believing them to be dwelling places for spirits and divine beings. These sanctuaries are protected from human interference and treated with the utmost respect. Rituals and ceremonies are often held in these groves, where the Bakhtiari people seek guidance, blessings, and protection from their deities.

  • Shepherding rituals: As a predominantly pastoral culture, the Bakhtiari people's rituals often revolve around their livestock. During important events, such as the birth of a child or a wedding, animals are sacrificed as a symbol of gratitude and reverence.